Iraq War: Aftermath of US Withdrawal

Iraq contend Aftermath of US Withdrawal Iraki SPAT HOOD IN POST AGGRESSION ENVIRONMENTINTRODUCTIONThe ancient polish Iraq, make believeally the Republic of Iraq (Al Jumhuriyah-Al- Irakia in Arabic), is a plain in south- Hesperian Asia. This great civilization had been humiliated and devastated by the invasion of many, and recently the linked landed estates-led coalition forces. The uphold disjuncture warfare popularly k directlyn as The Iraq War took define from 20 March to 08 April 2003. The warf are itself may be regarded as a denouement to the First disjunction War fought in 1991. Americans named the war exploit Iraki Freedom, (OIF). Military fareion led by the United States against the regimen of Saddam ibn Talal Hussein, the authoritarian attraction of Iraq. Announcing the beginning of the war, United States chair George W pubic hair explained that the goals were to Disarm Iraq to free its people. Though President bush say on 01 may 2003 that the major comb at operations in Iraq had been over, that many would argue that the war in Iraq has not ended. It is more plain when the coalition forces argon engaged in fierce guerrillas who all be effectively applying the hit and run tactics and casualties on United States soldiers are on the rise.The Coalition Forces (CF) invaded Iraq in total defiance of transnational opinion. in that location had been a wide-ranging scepticism astir(predicate) the United Statess grapheme for initiating this war. The coalition gained a military victory against a nation that had been harm due to United Nations imposed sanctions for the last 12 years. The military outcome in Iraq War was never in doubt, in so far any success seems widely premature for several reasons. Even in Iraq it is not at all clear at this point whether the sequel to warfare ordain be a equable transition to a peaceful and democratic Iraq or a descent into civil war. This subterfuge led to many desired and undesired outcomes. I t is certain that the war in Iraq and the post-war internet site provokewide ranging effects on the countrys future. After the national election, now it is the probable duration for United States forces to withdraw. except hushed the Iraki Army, National Guard and Police could not act very effectively.After the election now post of Iraq has got a refreshed dimension. Political and military events though are inseparable in war this paper provide highlight the pre war Iraq, future prospects and possibilities of Iraq after the divagation of collation force.AIMThe aim of this paper is to analyze the pre war situation of Iraq and the likely future conditions after withdrawal of United States forces.AN ACCOUNT OF PRE struggle IRAQSocialAbout 75 percent of the population of Iraq is Arab. Kurds, d closelying in the highlands of northernern Iraq, constitute 15 to 20 percent of the population. Smaller groups involve Turkmens, Jews, Armenians, and Assyrians. Arabic is the official language of Iraq and is spoken by the majority of the population. The Kurds speak Kurdish. Armenian and Assyrian are spoken in rural athletic fields in the north and west. Iraq is a pilgrimage site for Shia Muslims. Muslims make up 96 percent of Iraqs population. About 60 to 65 percent of the Muslims follow to the Shia branch, and the rest adhere to the Sunni branch. The Shias live roughlyly in central and grey Iraq, and the Sunnis live principally in the north. Most of the Kurds are Sunnis. Several of the hallowed cities of the Shias, notably An Najaf and Karbal, are situated in Iraq.EconomicThe modern Iraqi economy has been jumboly ground on petroleum. Most of the few large manufacturing industries have to do with oil. During Husseins rule the Iraqi economy was adversely affected by four major factors the war with Iran during the 1980s, an international oil glut in the 1980s and 1990s, the economic sanctions imposed by the United Nations (UN) after the invasion of Kuwait in 1990, and the Persian disconnect War in 1991. The combined effect of all these factors was the destruction of Iraqs basic infrastructure (roads, bridges, power grids, and the like) and the countrys financial bankruptcy.The UN sanctions created widespread unemployment, skyrocketing inflation, and severe shortages of previously imported commodities, including medicate, medical equipment, animal vaccines, farm machinery, electrimetropolis-generating equipment, and piddle purification supplies. As a result of these shortages and the damage done to body of water and sewage treatment systems during the war, the incidence of disease and malnutrition rose sharply.PoliticalThe ahead(p) semipolitical organization in Iraq under Saddam Hussein was the Arab Baath collectivised Party, which bases its policies on pan-Arab and socialist principles. Other political groups include the Iraqi communist Party (ICP), the Kurdistn Democratic Party (KDP), The United Iraqi Alliance, the firm Un ion of Kurdistn (PUK), and a few other Kurdish parties. The cardinal most important Shia opposition parties are the Dawa Moslem Party and the Supreme Assembly of the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SAIRI). Until Husseins overthrow, all these opposition parties were illegal outside the Kurdish supreme portion. Following the US invasion, another political group, the Iraqi National coition led by Ahmad Chalabi, emerged as an important political force. The Baath Party remained a legaland open party. However, the US administrator for Iraq banned some upper-level Baath Party members from employment in the public sector.STRATEGY OF UNITED STATES AND conjunction AGGRESSIONBy early March 2003 it became clear that the administration of US president George W Bush was intent on military legal action against Iraq. The Bush administration assert that Iraq possessed chemical weapons, had accelerated its weapons platform to make biological weapons, and was actively seeking materials to make nu clear weapons. The US administration feared that Hussein could provide weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups for use against the United States.In subsequent speeches and reports President Bush and his administration made the national for preemptive military action to avoid such a potential drop threat. If we wait for threats to fully materialize, we leave aloneing have waited too long, President Bush said in June 2002. To make the case for military action against Iraq in his January 2002 State of the Union speech in which he identified Iraq as a member of an axis of evil threatening global aegis.In his January 2003 State of the Union address, President Bush cited reports that Hussein had attempted to buy authoritative quantities of uranium from Africa as well as special aluminum tubes in order to produce nuclear weapons. Bush administration officials also asserted that the establishment of a new, democratic governance in Iraq could pave the means for peace in the M iddle East and the spread of democracy among Arab nations.The war began on 20 March. The invasion of Iraq, dubbed Operation Iraqi Freedom by the White House, was led by General Tommy Franks, then head of the US Central Command. The coalition force consisted of a U.S.force that initially numbered well-nigh 200,000 personnel (eventually expandingto 290,000), as well as about 50,000 British personnel, about 2,000 Australian troops, and about 200 Polish soldiers.The U.S. military made a lot greater use of precise, high-tech weaponry than in the Persian GulfWar. In 2003 coalition force used satellite-guided bombs and advanced drones (unmanned aerial vehicles) for reconnaissance.In early April the US force, its supply lines secured, moved in on Baghdad. On 4 April 2003 Army forces seized Saddam worldwide Airport, west of the city, and renamed it Baghdad International Airport. On 5 April a battalion from the 2nd Brigade of the third Infantry Division drove through Baghdad in a raid. More than 1,000 Iraqis were reported killed during the operation, according to a US estimate. On 7 April 2003 the 2nd Brigade encountered into central Baghdad. The same twenty-four hour period, US B-1 bombers dropped four 900-kg (2,000-lb) bombs on a building in western Baghdad where Hussein was believed to be hiding. Nevertheless, Husseins grip on power was gone. US Marines arrived in Baghdad on 9 April 2003 and helped Iraqi civilians tear d aver a massive statue of Saddam Hussein that towered over a major city square. Within a few days Marines captured Tikrit, a city north of Baghdad and Husseins ancestral home, with little struggle. President Bush declared an end to combat operations on 1 May 2003. Nevertheless, the guerrilla war against the coalition caper continued till today.IRAQI RESISTANCE WARInsurgents have killed at least 29 US and six British military personnel since the US President, George Bush, declared an remove to combat operations in Iraq on May 1. The violence has been operose in Baghdad and the so-called Sunni triangle west and north of the capital, an area inhabited mainly by Saddam Husseins fellow Sunni Arabs, a nonage in Iraq. Attacks under cover of crowds are less findy for the assailant. The yet defence against them is maintaining strict separation in the midst of coalition troops and the civilian population apparently one of the insurgents aims. The Iraqi resistance to US occupation is growing, as is its support among ordinary Iraqis.Iraqs interim political sympathies recently admitted that the insurgence involves at least 40,000 hardcore fighters and up to 200,000 active sympathizersa far war whoop from the isolated 5,000 Baathist remnants and foreign fighters the Pentagon initially claimed to be fighting. They are effectively use the hit and run tactics on the coalition force.GENERAL ELECTIONSAt the beginning of 2005 after 50 years, 30 January 2005 general election took place. In this election Shia supported United Iraqi Allia nces earn the majority and form the origin democratic government. The Kurdish Leader Jalal Talebani elected as President and Shia leader Ibrahim Al Jaffrai nominated as Prime minister. After that the government fails to ensure the national unity. Ruther government ignites the booking. In the proposed constitution government bomb the interest of Sunni Muslim. After a long debate 28 direful 2005 government signed the draft constitution and arranges the general election on this constitution. In that election within the 18 provinces government won in 15 provinces and lost in resttree. With this result the Sunni could not change the constriction. The Shia Sunni conflict increase in this volatile situation.International Opinions. US and British officials repeatedly warned Iraqs political parties that in a democratic election on that point are winner and looser. Same time they hope that Iraqi leader set up a coalition governmentto help the overturn Sunni support for the insurgency. Now to bring them in the same platform the government have to keep the interest of the Sunni.INTERNAL SITUATIONPolitical directly in Iraq Shia and Sunni conflict turn into a worst situation. At 21 February 2006 in that respect was a big boom explosion in Shia mosque AL Aksari in Samara city. It starts the riot in Bagdad. In whole country at least 90 Sunni mosques was attacked by Sunnis. After this incident there is a possibility of civil war. The main political party of Sunni complains that at least 50 mosques in Bagdad city were attacked by Shia. Iraqi president Jalal Talebani asks all to face the situation together and stop the hazard of civil war. A month after the general election, political parties are still waiting for results and are jockeying for position ahead of the start of real bargaining on the make up of the countrys first full time government since the fall of Saddam Hussein. Initial indications showed that Iraqs Shiite(A branch of Shia Muslim) majority come out on top in the 15 Decembers vote but final results dew in the coming days, have been delayed by a probe into complaints by Sunni backed and secular party of ballot rigging. latterly the Iraqi parties started negotiation on a national unity government after rebels launched concentred attack in western Iraq to coincide with the release of election result. The election were pronounced by suffrage along ethnic and sectarian lines with the shia religious based United Iraqi Alliance, which includes prime minister Ibrahim Jaafaris DawaParty and Abdul Aziz Hakims Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq, winning 128 of parliaments 275 states.EconomicFollowing the US Iraq War of 2003, the US spent billions of dollars to touch on Iraqs oil industry. By March 2004 Iraq was producing about 2.5 million put of oil per day, nearly as much as it produced prior to the 2003 war. The US expenditures were also aimed at restoring and upgrading Iraqs oil fields and refineries. Much of the flex wa s contracted to U.S. andother foreign oil companies, under the supervision of the US civil administrator.SocialAfter the aggression of coalition force now Iraqis are facing the hard strike of poverty. A resent study by the United Nation Development computer program and international Monetary Fund shows that 20 percent of the population has followen at a lower place the international poverty line of one dollar par day par person. The member of the families registering for assistancewith the labor and social affairs ministry has more then tripled since the war to 171000 and even that according to the ministry Drop in the maritime.FUTURE TRENDSAfter the withdrawal of coalition force, the first to suffer will be the people of Iraq. Due to the Shia Sunni conflict general mass will face human suffering. Each and every day the list of contingency getting longer and longer. conglomerate terrorist / insurgence group are still active. Police force or security force is not well organized. After withdrawal of US forces the law and order situation will be in a feeble condition. Insurgency, political revenge and armor conflict between various political or religious groups willincrease. Police force or security force require time to organize, equipped and trained them.In this subprogram various political parties came up and participated in general election. Rashid Khalidi, director of the Middle East Institute atColumbia University said just before the election They will have a Shia- predominate, Islamic-oriented government in Iraq. Now situation is not balance. Shia dominated party gets the clear majority in the election, could not make the situation stable. Conflict of Shia and Sunni heading towards a civil war. There may be situation the whole country will divided as per their ethics. Recently they started attacked on there religious centers. Standing on this crisis situation Iraqi president Jalal Talebani asks all to face the situation together and stop the risk o f civil war.Recently the Iraqi political parties started negotiation on a national unity government after rebels launched concentred attack in western Iraq tocoincide with the release of election result. The election were marked by voting along ethnic and sectarian lines with the Shia religious based United Iraqi Alliance, which includes prime minister Ibrahim Jaafaris Dawa Party.CONCLUSIONIraq War has once again proved that there cannot be a military solution to a political problem. Though US Doctrine of Pre-emption has changed world security perspective, it also cautions that war against world opinion can be a disaster. More equipment-intensive future battlefield warrants modernization of the military. It has also proved that the most hightech war also cannot be bloodless. Several thousands Iraqis were killed and wounded. lately US loss is also quite significant. A good externalize shouldalso encompass all aspects of war from the battle itself to the rebuilding phase, where the arm Forces will be a relevant player. The post conflictscenario for the army is equally challenging against the insurgence and guerrilla group.The post-war situation in Iraq is frustrating. The political process for the smooth transition to democracy is in question. The reconstruction process is unbearably slow for the people of the war torn country. The on discharge high intensity of guerrilla war and aggressive counter insurgency operation are aggravating the sufferings of the people further. The peace and stability of Iraq and the region is highly uncertain.The war ravage Iraq is facing a total disorder. reconstruction of Iraq is now the biggest challenge. The public service are to be restored, supply of food, medicine and other essential commodities are to be ensured. Sufferings of the mass people cannot be reducing at a time but a smoothpolitical situation will be the first priority to grasp social and economical establishment.RECOMMENDATIONSPolitical parties should have mu tual trust between them. They should come to a same platform on the interest of their country. shortly they should form the coalition government and start reconstructions of war offended country.Various political parties should give the highest priority to their national interest keeping a side their UN ethical interest.They should take help of ether countries to develop their own security force.Government should take to solve the Insurgency problem.Bhatiary ,Chittagong IMTIAZ MAHMUDBIBLIOGRAPHYBooks1.Bruce W. Watson, Military Lessons of the Gulf War, (Lahore Izharsons Printers, 1992).2.J C Aggarwal, Golf Crisis Pre War And post War Scenario,(INDIA S Chand Company)3. Robert F Helms,The Persian Gulf Crisis Power in the post Cold War World ( London Wesport, Connecticut.)Journals / Magazines/ Newspaper4.Daily Star January, February 20065.Burger, Kim, Caught off guard? Janes Defence Weekly, October 01, 2003.6.Elliott, Michael, So, What Went Wrong? Time Magazine, October 06, 2003.7.Ro binson, Simon, Baghdad Today Progress, Inch by Inch, Time Magazine, October 06, 2003.8.Ripley, Tim, Mean Streets, Janes Defence Weekly, October 15, 2003.Reports9.Lt Gen T. Michael Moseley, Operation IRAQI FREEDOM-By the poetry (Assessment and Analysis Division, USCENTAF, 30 April 2003).Official Document10.Army Headquarters Project learning Paper by 46 Independent Infantry Brigade, Iraq War A Review, Dhaka, 2003.Web Sites11.www.bbc.com12.www.army.com